(JollofNews) – An International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission have visited Banjul to assessed the impact of exogenous shocks that have hit the Gambian economy recently and initiated discussions on providing IMF support through a Rapid Credit Facility (RCF).
The mission which was led by Ulrich Jacoby, assistant to the director of IMF, met with President Adama Barrow, Minister of Finance Amadou Sanneh, Central Bank Governor Amadou Colley, other government officials, development partners, and representatives of the private sector and civil society and also discussed plans to support economic policy implementation and the possibility of establishing a Staff Monitored Program (SMP).
At the end of the mission, Mr. Jacoby said: “With the transition to a new, democratically-elected government, The Gambia is at a historical turning point. Significant economic challenges lie ahead. Economic growth in 2016 is now estimated to have reached only 2.2 percent, down from 4.3 percent in 2015, due to limited availability of foreign exchange, weak agricultural output and the effect of the political impasse on tourism during high season.
“Headline annual inflation stands at 8.8 percent in February 2017, driven by higher food prices and the recent depreciation of the dalasi which increases the domestic price of imported goods. The situation is compounded by economic mismanagement and massive embezzlement of funds during the previous regime.”
He added that addressing the effects of these shocks and restoring economic stability will require concerted policy efforts as well as support from the international community.
“The key priority is to bring public spending in line with available resources, thereby drastically reducing domestic borrowing and interest cost,” he said.
Mr Jacoby further added: “Efforts need to include reforms of public enterprises, including the National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) and the National Telecom and Mobile Operators (GAMTEL/GAMCEL) to place them on a sound financial footing and limit their drain on the state budget.
“The international community has been quick to re-engage with The Gambia, and development partners have indicated that substantial financial support may be forthcoming. Such financial support will assist The Gambia in its reforms, but will need to be accompanied by significant domestic efforts to ensure a return to economic growth and stability.”
“Mr Jacoby further added: “Efforts need to include reforms of public enterprises, including the National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) and the National Telecom and Mobile Operators (GAMTEL/GAMCEL) to place them on a sound financial footing and limit their drain on the state budget.” Very interesting.
Translation Grim Reaper: “Give them to Western companies so that the Neo-Colonial BLEEDING of Africa may continue uninterrupted”. OED – Oxford Economics Dictionary.
Amadou Sanneh listen and listen carefully.
Hell NO!
Even a donkey will not accept loans from IMF.
Thank you very much, we don’t need indentured servitude.
God Bless The Gambia
Here we go again with the parasites, IMF and their Structural Adjustment Programs. Privatization, Downsizing, Deregulation and the Liberalized Agricultural Trading. If we don’t find a solution to turn away from these parasites, we won’t go anywhere. We will always find ourselves in debts we will never be able to payback. We are just paying on the high interest on those loans and forget about the principal. This money we could have use to developed our agricultural production and diversify our economy and invest in other development programs. May GOD bless us.
Wow, my heart is filled with joy, as I read the first reactions to the IMF visit. This is a clear demonstration of our understanding of what IMF and its sister Bretton Woods Institutions are doing to us.
It is countries like the Gambia, which are at their most vulnerable, that are preyed upon by these Global, profit at all cost, International Financial Institutions.
We need partnership, no doubt, but one that assists us to stand on our feet; not one that drags us further into perpetual dependency. The coded language is very clear. They want privatisation of Public (potential money making) corporations and we must refuse that, regardless of the challenges.
There are other non Western development partners who would be willing to help us put NAWEC, GAMTEL, GPTC, LMB, GPMB, etc, on sound financial footings, without wanting to snatch them from us. Let’s look towards those partners, whilst exploring the prospects of renegotiating our relationship with our Western partners.
Bax, the next move is The Gambian Dalasi replaced by the West African CFA franc.
I agree with all of you here. I hope we will eventually find a solution and live these parsites alone or continue to work with them only if they agree to change the exploitative conditions attached to these loans. I also wish one day Africa will become one country instead of the many weak countries at the mercy of these international financial institutions.
I believe if this become a reality, we will have enough leverage to counterbalance many of our current international relationship hurdles. I think the AU is doing a good job, but is not enough for the continent to take her rightful place and interest in the global affairs.
I hope we will eventually find a solution and leave these parasites alone. Or we can continue to work with them if they agree to change the terms and conditions on those loans, and also reduced the interest rates to a level where our economies are not jeopardized
Yes to all but /
The IMF was created by the American’s in 1944 long before the outcome of the second world was was certain/ At my last count/ America holds the largest share at 17% of the shares and is the only nation with the “super Veto”
The other major stakeholders are Germany/ France/ Japan/ Britain/ and others with smaller contributions.
Another interesting piece of history is that in 1941 Churchill met Roosevelt on board a destroyer in mid Atlantic where Mr Churchill pleaded with the USA for aid to fight Hitler and Japan/ It is recorded in secret government papers released after the 30 Year rule/ That Roosevelt asked for access into British colonies in exchange for military aid/ Churchill refused,,, as weak as we were/
The negotiations with the IMF and others needs to be structured in Gambia’s favour. Adding to Gambia’s massive debts needs very careful negotiating skills/ Gambia needs time to get off the ground/But it also needs ” cheap” money/
These financial institutions emerged after WW2 to reconstruct Europe with large a financial aid in the billions of dollars, the (Marshall Plan) and this was a good start. However, they later become predators against the young independent countries, particularly in Africa. Instead of applying the same Marshall Plan and help Africa developed, they engaged in exploiting these countries to the core.
I think they should take a deep breath and remember that it was the Africans who developed their institutions anyway. They should remember the indentured slavery labor we provided for them. It is just moral for them to help extracate this continent from poverty rather than the further exploitation. I truly believe Africa deserve nothing less than the highest freedom.
Let them extricate Africa from poverty. It is a human rights and the moral think to do.
In addition to the criticism against these financial institutions, it is also equitable to blame some of our previous leaders for running Africa into the toilet.
Gamtel/Gamcel/NAWEC – Privatize, Privatize, Privatize! Get rid of all dead wood! Trim the fat off! Make em lean and mean! This is a drain on the Government that it doesn’t need at the moment. If water and electricity was in the hands of people that knew what they were doing they would both be cheaper and more reliable. Isn’t that what it is all about?
Stan; “isn’t this what its all about ”
Yes ! Stan but this is only part of reform.
The IMF has focussed on embezzlement :
So how does the government stop what was a problem of government created by government ?
The people had no hand in this;
Bax; You surprise me wanting privatisation when being a Pdois sentinel. Nah !!! on this your on the wrong page my esteemed friend.
See what happened in the 1980’s under Thatcher. She converted the nation’s assets from the ownership of the citizen taxpayer to shareholdings by the better off few. Thus setting the financial institutions into making “loads of money”. What happened next? Regulation was allowed to drown leading to the biggest banking crash in history.
Gambia don’t need to favour the venture capitalists. Nooooooo !!!
Gambia don’t need to rely on western profit pirates Nooooooo!
Gamtel was allowed to drown because of privateers who stipped of it profitable business to create mobile and internet profiteers.
Nawec is another under funded out of date corp that thought its only saviour would be Home installed meters. Gamtel and Nawec have good loyal staff that needs a reconstruction plan. And capable management/
Same with Agriculture/ You used to have an agriculture system that was magnificent/ But what Happened ? Opportunists entered the cash flow at every opportunity to squeeze the profits margins to the producers and rape every section from growing >>>>on route to the consumer.
It became more profitable to Import from Senegal and sell on a market stall/ than to grow your own.
All these issues are easily put right.
Gambia first !!!
Grim reaper, you wish Gambia goes shopping with your franc CFA but that won’t be. Barrow will soon find out that Gambians didn’t decide just to play the fool around.
I like the idea of unity in Africa not as a country but as a union of states.
Grim reaper, you shall be helped to get rid of the evil in your skull. Inshallah (God willing), cleanliness be to Allah’s name.
Bourne, keep smoking that high grade.
Grim reaper, if you are running some illicit drugs trafficking in the Gambia, I hope the newly briefed police force of the Gambia nail down hard on you.
Drugs are a menace to the well-being of the future generations but you keep on advertising it. You are contemptuous and hateful. Grim reaper harms the kids.
Mike, Bourne is takes care of the children and guides them. They hate the Grim reapers.
A message just popped up from one of mine, it reads; ‘dad, I love you’. This makes me feel really great.
Bourne; Stop being unkind to our children/
Play nicely.
In Thailand/ they have set up village cooperatives, that can attract loans from banks to grow and sell mangos/ They then go straight to an exporter and can negotiate a higher market price. The most successful of these, have farmers building £200,000 houses, complete with swimming pools and 5 bedrooms, Two bathrooms which they build themselves and rent out to Foreigners. Thus they turn profits into cash flow and retire early to enjoy excellent healthcare. Similar in other asian countries where the commodity is coffee. These guy’s buy English soccer clubs.
Mike, are Britain interested in importing the fat honey-sweet mangoes of the Gambia called, JURR?
I have tasted mangoes in Europe from Brazil, Equador, Israel, Thailand etc., but none tastes as sweet as the Gambian fibre-less JURR. Lots of it rots to waste not even to serve as manure on the farms.
How can the Brits and other Europeans be convinced that ours are sweeter and safer to consume? Just one mango can weigh over a kilo and a half without use of biotechnology…
Someone should need the fruits for it to change the life of the poor Gambian farmer. Isn’t it?
Bourne;
I recall Jammeh in 2000 { when he was motivated not by greed} actually stated that much Gambian fruit lays rotting in the field. Hence I introduced an initiative to build a groundnut/fruit reprocessing plant/bottling plant. It was given No consideration.
My friend if you have access to the Gambian mango in large quantities/ I would suggest you write to The British High Commission for advice.
Although they do not have a commercial section they may point you in the right direction.
Jammeh has never once been himself. He’s always saying what the Nia say people are saying. He is the biggest idiot you’ll find in a million.
Zeinab might be owing import/export Companies right now. It’s just a guess.
I only hope and pray that the new Barrow government will act fast to bring the high market prices of basic commodities.
I do not think salary increment of the work force will solve this problem because at the end of the day,the market force will swallow the salary before the 05th of the month.
Also they need to check and reduce the tax not only on basic commodities but also the tax levied on employees.
It is possible for the government to find out the success behind Singapore?
A CONCERN CITIZEN
Folks, you may all be barking up the wrong tree. My Ndugu Dida may very well be on the wrong side of history in this debate.
Read my pal Stan’s comment below.
“Gamtel/Gamcel/NAWEC – Privatize, Privatize, Privatize! Get rid of all dead wood! Trim the fat off! Make em lean and mean! This is a drain on the Government that it doesn’t need at the moment. If water and electricity was in the hands of people that knew what they were doing they would both be cheaper and more reliable”.
We must collectively ask Mustafa Njai (TAF) or Mohammed Jah to share their knowledge and experience on how managing international borrowing and GRANT FUNDS can lead to success in business. I am a strong believer in PRIVATE SECTOR LED GROWTH and an advocate of the Gambian government not attempting to run what may be labeled quasi-government, parastatals, public corporations and the whole gamut as a business for and on behalf of Gambian citizens as it is clearly evident that the record has been woefully disheartening. When GAMTEL shone as the bright star of the sub region, it was on account of French lending and grants flowing at the time. However, the same agency started to falter just about the 1990’s when the time came to replace the physical and other assets on a set schedule. BK Njai was the darling MD at the time but in The Gambia at the time, the Wollof adage goes, “DUNU FECHA BEH SENE E GORO REH”.
Look folks, in a nutshell, the international lenders are not the problem but the very Gambians and African governments that go hat in hand asking for funding. Then we, and I will say WE because I am African too, turn around and do exactly all the wrong undertakings with the borrowed funds that are required to be paid back or put to use for the well being of the citizenry!!
Until we Africans get our act together, put country before our pockets and every other vice that haunts us, we will continue to be unable to manage and deliver on loan and grant funds from any source even when it is ZAKAAT with attendant prayers from MAKKAH!
Nigeria is here for everyone to ponder and to scratch our heads for answers to why Nigeria is unable to surface from the sea of graft and evil machinations! (The reason all Nigerian judges in The Gambia must be shown the door)!
Gambians do not need a pandering Michael Scales, a dithering Dida Halake, a hapless Sidi Bojang, a fellow named Babou Soli or Grim Reaper brandishing a scythe without the language or the thought process to drive the message home. The telltale signs and omen are there for all to see and only WE can correct them. There’s little benefit to attempting to transfer the blame or lay the blame at someone else’s doorstop as we squarely own the problem! Folks, we have better things to expend our collective energies on! We are wasting a lot of time in pursuit of ego trips and trivia!
What we do need in this new dispensation is GOOD LEADERSHIP that offers guidance, strength and integrity in governance and private undertakings. Not half baked individuals of BUSH LAWYERS that pray to God every moment but turn around to do the wrong stuff right after the prayer. Doesn’t help anyone OR THE GAMBIA and certainly will not get us out of the woods just yet!! At this moment in history, all Gambians have is to thrive on is HOPE with no deliveries to register just yet and we must get out of the business of saying that it’s too early in the day for the new government.
And YES, a Gambian just said that!!
@ Andrew Pjalo= It looks like you want to privatize everything, which is really scary. The kind of privatization you are advocating is only suitable in a developed country. In developing countries like The Gambia, we need to help startup and small businesses to grow and mature before fully privatize them. You also need to consider the household incomes of average Gambians and what they can afford. As we are developing, we need to look at how best our domestic companies can function without severely affecting the poor. This, we can do up to a time when our economy becomes strong.
Nobody is denying the fact that CORRUPTION contributed largely to our economic development hurdles, but certainly the liberalized markets imposed on us by the developed countries has been disastrous. These loans we get from the international financial institutions are structured in a way that will never help our economies, and what’s sad about it is that, we will never be able to pay off this debts because of the high intrests and the conditions attached to paying the loans. We are only able to pay on financing the interests on these loans. Let them restructure the terms and conditions on these loans to make it easier for us to invest in many development programs.
If these financial institutions wanted our development, it would have happen because we’ve been dealing with them for quite some time, but they are only interested in making profits and they don’t care how they get it. They need to be ashamed of themselves and stop the exploitation, and help extricate the African continent from poverty. After centuries of struggle and suffering, the African continent is still and literally begging for help. The development of Africa is a matter of human rights, and is been overdue to eliminate poverty from the continent.
CORRUPTION is not only an African problem, but a global nightmare which must be significantly reduced if not defeated. Unfortunately though, it seems many of those heroes who stood up to corruption don’t usually win or survived it. Just look at the history of many of the global brave men and women who stood up for what’s right and how they ended, particularly some of the great leaders we had in Africa.
PEACE, “Africa is a matter of human rights” Human rights is a fine tuning necanisim used for convenience. “begging for help.” Begging is the problem, we Africans need to be creative.
@ Grim reaper = African creativity has been genius and benefited the whole world. You be the judge on why we were unable improved these creativity and benefit from them.
I mean you be the judge on why we were unable to improved from those creativity and benefit from them.
Peace; You are exactly right my friend. I was surprised Jammeh didn’t declare a unilateral withdrawal from the IMF and cancellation of all Gambia’s debts/ But the alleged embezzlement undertaken of 4 Billion Dalasis, gives another reason why this was not one of his many withdrawals from Western institutions/
Myself if I were in government/ I would be seeking sound legal opinion as to the merits and de merits of cancelling all loans taken out by the APRC on the basis of possible “fraud and money laundering” which would not have had the consent of the Gambian people. It is the Gambian people { this generation/ the next generation and the one after that} that will repay these loans that have already been rescheduled and renegotiated in the recent past. If the present Gambian government have no policy alternative but to make more secured loans on behalf of the Gambian people/ Then the future of Gambia and her people is one of NO FUTURE,
@ Mike Scales= Nothing personal against these international financial institutions. Sure, they are in business and making profits, which is ok. But they should really have a different approach with their loans towards the developing countries. Particularly Africa with the poorest countries in the world and consist of the absolute impoverished communities. These loans must be structured in a way that will not hurt our economies and be able to provide us with room to invest in other developments programs. The privatization of these small companies should be seriously structured in a way in which they can function well and make profit without hurting the average poor households. Currently, the cost of a bag of rice and loaf of bread in The
Gambia has been too expensive. Just look at the averaged monthly salary and people struggling to feed their families, let alone if utilities become too expensive.
Andrew; You have just insulted the entire free thinking online cabinet of Jollof News; You should apologize/
Jarra Passan;
Your request should be the number one priority of The Gambian government/
Peace, western economies have the resource base to fill gaping holes created by corruption whereas African governments are not so well endowed. So the gaping holes of economic plunder and corruption stay forever in Africa and The Gambia in context!! You may have heard the Gambian adage, “JELL BU KII SUUL BU KII” or what in Manding goes, “JURUMI LAA SAPI KANG”. That’s not the way to run a nation OK!
I am not advocating for wholesale privatization as I do accept the role of government in creating the regulatory framework and the enforcement of MEANINGFUL regulation. What I have a distaste for is when government/public officials do not want to execute rules that do not work in their favor and further go on to breathe down the necks of every investor and private operator in the mistaken belief that they are entitled to investor funds for free on account of the services that they are required to offer in public service. Frankly, the politicians are not the real obstacles to growth in The Gambia. It is the public service that collectively stall progress along the way.
Michael Scales misses the boat here and I do not believe that he possesses the requisite background to offer salient advice on real world business strategies. Commercial borrowing and lending has been and will continue to be the drivers of growth in the modern world. Let’s look to the BRICS countries in order to understand how they got to their level of economic progress.
I believe that our anti-establishment, anti-western tendencies (as per Michael Scales) and our African emotions are getting the better of us here. The Gambia’s chief obstacle to economic progress, among a host of others, is the onerous and unsustainable interest rates being commanded by lending institutions in The Gambia.
My advice to the “economic policy wonks” (sic) in government is to stop the ill-placed business of “MOPING UP EXCESS LIQUIDITY” where there’s none and has never been any flow to mop. Let the liquid flow for GAMBIANS to profit from new found opportunities in this new republic!!
I am speaking here for what my business associate labeled, frustrated Gambian entrepreneurs. And Mike Scales, please stop venturing into waters and ground that you do not have the background to navigate. We shouldn’t be in the business of commenting for mere commentary or to seemingly stay relevant albeit that you have every right to be a serial commentator!!
We are looking for substance in this endeavor. Take a cue from your pal Buba Sanyang!!
@ Andrew Pajalo = I already mentioned in my previous comments that we should vehemently fight corruption. Here we go again on our opinions here is in no way Anti-Western, but anti anything that will continue to jeopardize the African economies and slow or prevents development, either domestic or international. It is certainly our rights to support the growth of Africa and discourage anything contributing in sustaining absolute poverty.
I already said privatization in a poor developing country must be done in a smart way that would generate income but not further pushing people in absolute poverty. If you haven’t done it already, i would suggest you read the North/South relationship and tell me how you like it. We will continue to advocate the rightful position and interests of Africa in the global stage.
Andy; Calm down chum; The focus is not me, so please do not distract your audience.
The focus is what Gambians are saying on here;
Why must you be right and all others be wrong ?
In any case you are only saying what Gambians are saying including me. Perhaps you don’t like the way I say it ?
Anyway, your most welcome to say it.
In any case all but a few western economies are a presently,,,, and for the next 30 years at least>>> undermined by massive debts that make Gambia’s debts seem like pocket cash.There can be no superior economic philosophy to be found anywhere in the world and that’s the truth. Austerity/ Globalization/ Trade Barriers Protectionism and isolationism dogma>>> is the muddled thinking of the 21st century.
As economically “thick” as I may be I never need to work again and all my assets are fully paid up. I owe nothing, I need nothing.
I left behind some better things I did with my money in Gambia. They phone and e/mail me everyday to remind me.
What have you done Andrew ? Its only fair to compare your cv to mine now you have called me out.
Do you get nice thank you’s every day, or have you just got out of bed ?
Mr Halake must be still in bed hahahahha
Peace; Your concerns for the poor and for Gambian families and especially children is a shared concern from all of us. This why international boundaries are transversed by goodwill Ambassadors/NGO’s and Aid organisations. You will know that in the UK there are thousands of citizens who spend all their time and money, collecting and selling and distributing what we once needed, but discarded.
Myself/ I used to pallet and ship many items on request, but on principle, I always sent brand new items even though members of the APRC government requested second hand. I have video’s of the many events that were published in your local papers or shown as government propaganda on GRTS. For me it was no trouble, but I was at times embarrassed. As all my many trade initiatives were blocked because of Jammeh’s hatred for Britain. In the end I just gave cash. Cash for trophies/ Cash for the under 17’s world cup winning squad/ Cash for soccer tournaments/ Cash for prizes cash for sports academies/ Cash or computers for schools/Cash for new businesses cash for the online media, the list is endless.
I recall buying a full colour photocopier’£8,500 for a well known sports commentator who wanted to print a weekly sports magazine. The day before shipment I was ordered by the APRC to stop its shipment/ It was on Liverpool docks loaded.
People are asking me to start again, by phone and e/mail. But sadly I remain uncertain that the political environment is conducive to English goodwill/ So I will wait a while.
I think I can speak for most of my Gambia/ British contacts. It is one thing to reject Western loans loans that tie the Gambian people to poverty for many years. But another to condemn those of us who know Gambia who understand Gambians and only wish you were not in this predicament after 50 years of independence. Given free passage into your communities, we could do great things.
@ Mike Scales= My criticism about poverty in The Gambia and in Africa is not directed towards a particular group, ethnicity, race or nationality. It is directed towards all activities jeopardizing the development of Africa, and certainly not all of them are caused by humans.
I’m also very well aware of the good contributions of some NGOs and concern community ities around the world in supporting the development of Africa.
For your information, I just want to let you know that it is because of a white couple I had the opportunity to pursue a higher education. I will Appreciate it if I can continue my contribution here.
Mike, I have taught, mentored and sponsored students that have moved on to become PhD’s and college professors. If you have been following my commentaries, I have always called for selflessness and a giving spirit on the part of Gambians that can afford to lend a hand to prop up deserving and needy Gambians. My contributions to charitable giving continue and do bring me intrinsic rewards that only forward thinking and progressive people can appreciate and I am not the person to do and tell as I believe in and embrace humility in this life. You can’t prod me into getting excited about commentary or flying off the handle for the wrong reasons albeit that I do get excited about meaningful and progressive commentary that serves to enlighten society. And by the way, I have been blessed to have started my studies overseas at the age of 19 and traveled the world. That experience is what molds my thinking. And fairly secure too, I may add. You may be able to figure out my age from my commentary but I can say that I am quite capable of sorting the grain from the chaff. I am also very thick skinned on account of my core beliefs in life.
So, I don’t expend my energies on distractions or trivia!
Peace; I am grateful for your British friends who saw your potential/ I have also witnessed this kindness from the British in and out of Gambia. My work was at times very dangerous in Gambia. My death threats stand at 29. but gladly have ceased since January this year.Since 2007 online I have never hidden my identity or sought refuge/protection by using a false identity. Genuine people from all parts of Africa come to me for help and support; I do what I can. It is very good to note that the British government is committed to increasing overseas aid, and there is a proposal to ring fence the extra money of 3 % of GDP as an addition to our defence budget/ The thought process is, we should consider using the armed forces to deliver that aid where the local conditions are less assured.
I am in touch with British cabinet Ministers about twice a month and always receive a detailed response to my concerns/ I have a large drawer full of references on specific topics from Immigration to Human Rights. I am pleased to say our democracy works and continues to impress me by any citizen’s right to access the policy makers.
My Gambian friends in the UK are working on a return to Gambia, possibly by September. God willing. Thank you for your exchanges The Jollof forum is a source of information and current affairs.
God Bless all genuine contributions. The knowledge and commitment displayed is a high commendation of “Things to come” for Gambia. Let us continue to contribute in” Peace.”
@ Mike, thanks for standing for what’s just right. God bless us all.
Andrew;
I always follow your commentaries I am not in an economic competition with you or anyone; My success in business was a path trodden over 40 years. There are principals to all economic/ business and profit generation. My Directors/ engineers and sales staff always referred to my ideology as” Mike Getting back to basics”
There is no secret to success/ But there are basic principals that when done repeatedly, teach staff to think better and perform better and earn better.
These principles can explain poor performance and how to achieve consistent results. Once retired I was trained as a business Mentor. { You are never too old to learn new principals} I was invited to advise new business/ I was amazed at how people would mortgage there house or land and obtain massive bank loans and overdrafts, and stand in a shop window all day wondering why no one stopped to buy their goods and services. I started with just £1248. My business was turning over £500,000 PA within 3 years.I can remember when my first sale of £400 was rushed to the bank as a victory. So you may consider me irrelevant/ That is your choice.
I am glad you have trained and encouraged your pupils to great things. You sound like a proper “Mr Chips”
I hope you can transfer to Gambia soon and pick up a leaders job in education. You do sound a candidate for government education and the enviroment.
God Bless you and your success.
Today’s price is D45 for $1 , but 2018 you will pay D60 for $1 or more so dalasi is getting worse !!!
My pleasure Mike!
Peace 4,500 Dalasis to £100 is not so bad but does not compare to 2,000 Dalasis to £100 in 2001.
>>and this with a 16% reduction in the value of the pound. How do you come to your prediction of 6,000 Dalasis to £100>>>>?